Oxytocin is a conserved neuropeptide and hormone best known for its roles in reproductive physiology and social neurobiology; preclinical studies in rodents and other mammals additionally implicate oxytocin signaling in modulation of stress responses, neural plasticity, and neuroimmune interactions. Animal and mechanistic literature report oxytocin-dependent regulation of neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF), microglial activation, and hypothalamic circuits that integrate social and metabolic signals, while experimental models have been used to dissect receptor distribution, intracellular signaling cascades, and context-dependent effects on behavior and inflammation.

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